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Capacitive sensor coverts measured capacitance into a digital value called Raw Counts. With Raw Counts we can detect is the finger on or near the sensor since the sensor can detect change of capacitance even if you are not touching the screen. Figure 3 is a block diagram which shows capacitive touch sensing pre-processing circuit.
Sources:
- http://www.embedded.com/design/connectivity/4401019/1/Capacitive-sensing-for-advanced-user-interfaces
- 2. Larry K. Baxter (1996). Capacitive Sensors. John Wiley and Sons. p. 138. ISBN 978-0-7803-5351-0.