Pressure sensor:
Introduction:
Pressure sensor's function is based on physical phenomenon. It can be used at least two different
situation: water, air or between two points of measurement.
Types of pressures and basic physics of pressure sensing:
Static pressure is a definition for physical pressure.
For example you would be skiing or walking somewhere and this sensor type will register your steps.
P (pressure) = F (force) / A (area), m^2)).
Force unit can be determined by F= m*a, (mass*acceleration).
Volume pressure, known as the density can be used when determining the volume of the container.
p (rho) = m (mass) / V (volume).
Archimedes's principle states can be determined by for example a person goes bath and the water
spills over bathtub. The amount of spilled water has the same volume than a person.
Physical formula is: P= p*h*g
P = p (rho) * h (height in metres) *g (gravitation force (9,81 m/s^2))
Pascal's law states that an increase in pressure at any point
in a liquid causes a corresponding increase at every other point in the
liquid.
For example if pressing a cylinder on the other side and because of the water is solid,
second cylinder will be pulled out upward.
This method is a common in for example car brakes.
Different type pressure sensors
There are three different types of pressure measurements.
1. Absolute Pressure Measurement
The pressure is absolute when the vacuum is perfect, it means that there is no matter present and the air pressure is zero. Absolute pressure sensors are rarely used because it is hard to get a perfect vacuum state. These types of sensors are used in barometric or altitude related measurements.
2. Differential Pressure Measurement
In differential pressure measurement two different positions are compered to each other. For example measuring pressure in different heights. The unit of differential pressure sensors is psid and it is used when a high amount of pressure is measured. These type of sensors are used in monitoring filtering, the sensor feels the change in the pressure and the system can be leveled.
3. Gauge Pressure Measurement
Gauge pressure measurement is a subtype of differential pressure measurement. The idea is to compare pressure at any point to the current atmospheric pressure. The Gauge pressure measurement is not consistent because the atmospheric pressure varies with altitude so it cannot be used in critical measurements. Still gauge pressure sensors are used in tire pressure and blood pressure measurements.
Distributors in Finland
Because pressure sensors are used in so many things, Finland has an endless amount of vendors from small retailers to large distributors.
Sources
http://www.engineersgarage.com/articles/pressure-sensors-types-working
http://www.sensorsmag.com/sensors/pressure/fundamentals-pressure-sensor-technology-846
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