...
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fHp95e-CwWQ
Materials (Kiia)
Piezoelectric materials:
Nowadays for the Piezoelectric sensing are mostly used ceramics. The earliest one was Titanate. The three most popular piezoelectric materials are Zinc oxide (ZnO), Aluminum nitride (AIN) and lead-zirconite-titanium oxides what is known as PZT.
Piezoelectric materials are usually sensitive to temperature changes. For example quarts loose sensitivity if the temperature drops with a slope of -0,016%/Celsius. With PVCF films and materials the sensitivity changes when the temperature is on the higher or lower side of 40 Celsius.
Piezoelectric materials are usually generated from high-purity metal oxides in form of fine powder (lead oxide, titanium oxide etc.).The powder is calcinated and mixed in a right proportion. Then it is mixed with solid and/or liquid organic binders to make a so called "cake" and heated in a controlled temperature. The material is covered with contact electrodes and poled. After this the piezoelectric material is shaped to its final shape.
New materials:
- Single Crystals:
- magnesium niobate / lead titanate (PMN-PT)
- lead zirconate niobate / lead titanate (PZN-PT)
- lithium niobate (LiNbO3)
- lithium niobate with dopants
- lithium tetraborate (Li2B4O7)
- quartz
- barium titanate (BaTiO3)
- Relaxors:
- lead magnesium niobate
- lead magnesium niobate / lanthanum
- lead nickel niobate
Modeling piezoelectric sensing:
...