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Piezoelectric ceramics
Frequently used in this capacity to ignite a fuel source in lighters, gas stoves and welding equipment. [5.]
An example how the Piezoelectric Element works. Adapted from source: http://global.kyocera.com/fcworld/charact/elect/piezo.html
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Piezoelectric materials are usually generated from high-purity metal oxides in form of fine powder (lead oxide, titanium oxide etc.).The powder is calcinated and mixed in a right proportion. Then it is mixed with solid and/or liquid organic binders to make a so called "cake" and heated in a controlled temperature. The material is covered with contact electrodes and poled. After this the piezoelectric material is shaped to its final shape. [8.]
New materials:
- Single Crystals:
- magnesium niobate / lead titanate (PMN-PT)
- lead zirconate niobate / lead titanate (PZN-PT)
- lithium niobate (LiNbO3)
- lithium niobate with dopants
- lithium tetraborate (Li2B4O7)
- quartz
- barium titanate (BaTiO3)
- Relaxors:
- lead magnesium niobate
- lead magnesium niobate / lanthanum
- lead nickel niobate [4.]
Modeling piezoelectric sensing:
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