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Fiber optics has three components Fiber Core, The Cladding and The insulating Jacket. The Fiber core is the Fiber cable that carries light Signals. The cladding is a material that surrounds the core - it reflects light back into the core. Like the core, the cladding also consists of glass or plastic materials but with different densities. And the insulating jacket acts as a sheath that doesnot reflect lightprotects the other parts from damage or water getting through.
Materials
The fundamentals for making optical fiber need materials which are transparent and can be drown into the fiber with the distinct core cladding structure that is uniform along the length of the fiber and will survive in the desired working environment. To make thin, uniform fiber the approach is to heat up a material until it softens into a very thick or viscous liquid and then stretch the thick fluid into the thin ligaments.Durability of the material is vital.The most common materials for years are silica based glass and certain plastics.
Silica must be doped to form either a high-index core or a low index cladding for an all-glass fiber. Flourine can reduce the index of Silica; Germanium can increase its index.
The purity of the glass used effects the degradation of the light signal being sent, regular window glasses usually the thicker it is the less clearly you will see through it. However a 1 km thick glass used in optic fibers will allow you to clearly see the other side. Therefore in optic fiber manufacturing glass purity is extremely important.
Manafacture of Optical Fibers
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