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A single ray of light consist of seven different color with varying wavelength. When a ray of light travels from one transparent medium to another(e.g from air to glass) then it splits into its constituent color (Red,Orange,Yellow,Green,Blue,Indigo,Violet). This phenomenon by which a ray of light slits into its constituent color when it is passed through a transparent medium is called dispersion. Refraction is the cause and dispersion is the result.
Understanding Chromatic Dispersion with analogy
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