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Pressure sensor presentation slides.pptx

Introduction

Pressure sensor's function is based on physical phenomenon. It can be used at least two different situation:
water, air or between two points of measurement.

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For piezoelectric materials are usually used ceramics, but also crystal can appear as one. The materials are also very sensitive to temperature changes. The mostly used substances are Zinc oxide, Aluminum nitride and PZT. The manufacturing process is complex and long-lasting. In PiezoStar sensors there is mainly used Kistlers own PiezoStar material. More information is available in piezoelectric sensing article about this subject. [14.]

The materials which used while manufacturing PiezoStar product are new crystals, similar as gallium orthophosphate (GaPO4) or langasite (La3Ga5SiO14). it is required to use these materials because of high working temperature (450 °C, even 700 °C). [15.]

Plastic is not used as a material in this kind of sensors because it wouldn’t cope with the massive pressure. Metal is harder and can take the pressure so it is a good material to use in this case. Ceramics and crystal are easier to get piezoelectric that’s why they are in common use.

Kistler PiezoStar® Pressure Sensor has about 200 manufacturing steps before it will reliable sensor and ready to use. First phase of manufacturing process is X-raying and it is used to determine factor in the properties of the sensor element.

All components are checked and measured extremely precise: after milling it is cutted, lapped and coated. Lastly it is re-coated. Quartz and crystal components can be cutted and measured precisely. Then it is easy to design how small the sensor will be. The sensor must be well designed to use hard circumstances: high-speed phenomena and high temperature [16.]

Sources

1. Pressure definition, http://www.school-for-champions.com/science/pressure.htm#.U1ilsRDFJ8E
2. Archimedes' Law, http://www.auburn.edu/~nzk0001/pub/phys1600/10_archimedes.pdf
3. Determining the density, http://physics.about.com/od/fluidmechanics/f/density.htm
4. Preeti Jain, Pressure Sensors,  http://www.engineersgarage.com/articles/pressure-sensors-types-working
5. Robert E. Bicking, Fundamentals of Pressure Sensor Technology  1998,  http://www.sensorsmag.com/sensors/pressure/fundamentals-pressure-sensor-technology-846
6. PiezoStar® Pressure Sensor Datasheet by Kistler
7. Piezoelectric Transducers and Applications, editor: Antonio Arnau Vives
8. Eduardo Bartolome, Signal conditioning for piezoelectric sensors,  http://www.ti.com/lit/an/slyt369/slyt369.pdf
9. CONVENTIONAL CHARGE OUTPUT SENSORS,  http://www.pcb.com/TechSupport/tech_signal
10. Calibration services, http://www.pcb.com/SensorCalibrationServices/CalibrationServices
11. Accuracy and Calibration, http://www.mmf.de/accuracy_and_calibration.htm
12. Composite materials, https://www.americanpiezo.com/products-services/composite-materials.html
13. New Piezoelectric Materials Improve Sensor Performance, https://www.sem.org/PDF/kistler_PiezoStar.pdf
14. Piezoelectric sensing

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2. Manufacturing and materials of piezoelectric sensor http://www.ama-science.org/proceedings/getFile/AQx2
3. Manufacturing steps http://www.kistler.com/medias/sys_master/8812119097374/100-460e-12.10.pdf