Report on lasers
Modern Physics, Spring 2015
Bezawork Haileselassie
Background
We were asked to write a subject relating to modern physics as a final review.
Selected problem
How do lasers work?
Introduction
Definitions
lasers are amazing light beams powerful enough to zoom miles into the sky or cut through lumps of metal.
physical features
Depending on the materials used for light emission, power outlet or on whether light is emitted in pulses the physical features of a laser various accordingly.
History
In 1950s the first laser was built by charles Townes and Arthur Schawlow but the first person who built a working visible light laser was Theodore Maiman
Different materials used as light emitters
Ruby rod with polished ends
chromium atoms embedded in the ruby’s aluminum oxide crystal lattice
nonconducting crystal such as yttrium aluminum garnet
semiconductor diode
Applications of Lasers
cutting and boring metals
welding and soldering
inspecting optical equipments
CDs and DVDs read and written to using lasers
Report
A laser is effectively a machine that makes billions of atoms pump out trillions of photons (light particles) all at once so they line up to form a really concentrated light beam.
steps on how crystal and flash tube makes laser
The tube flash is turned on and off using high-voltage electricity.
Through the process of absorption atoms in crystal soaks up energy.
The photons that atoms give off zoom up and down inside the ruby crystal, traveling at the speed of light.
Stimulated emission = the process when an excited atom gives two photons.
two mirrors one letting them bounce other partial mirror letting some escape and some bounce result in highly concentrated powerful laser
The rules that lasers follow in working
The bases of an atom
The world is made of 100 different type of atoms. This atoms are in constant motion when energy is applied they leave the ground-state energy level and go to excited level.
2. Absorbing energy
Once an electron moves to a higher-energy orbit, it eventually wants to return to the ground state. When it does, it releases its energy as a photon
3. laser/atom connection
Population inversion is the number of atoms in the excited state are more than the ground atoms through the process of excitement. This way photons are emited
properties of laser lights
Monochromatic
coherent
directional
Summerize
“Laser” is an acronym for light amplification by stimulated emission of radiation. A laser is created first when the electrons in atoms in special glasses, crystals, or gases absorb energy from an electrical current or another laser and become “excited.” The excited electrons move from a lower-energy orbit to a higher-energy orbit around the atom’s nucleus. When they return to their normal or “ground” state, the electrons emit photons.And that how laser are formed
Additional questions
Explain how the different type of lasers vary?
Bibliography
“Lasers.” How do lasers work?N.p., n.d. Web. 31 May 2015. <http://www.explainthatstuff.com/lasers.html>
“Infoplease.” Infoplease. Infoplease, n.d. Web. 31 May 2015. <http://www.infoplease.com/encyclopedia/science/laser-applications-lasers.html>
“How Lasers Work.” How Lasers Work. N.p., n.d. Web. 31 May 2015. <https://lasers.llnl.gov/education/how_lasers_work>